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Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony, a microcrystalline form of quartz, with the chemical formula SiO₂. It forms through the deposition of silica from aqueous solutions in volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The red to orange color of carnelian is due to the presence of iron oxide impurities.
The name “Carnelian” comes from the Latin word “cornum,” meaning “cornel cherry,” due to its similar color. Alternative names include “Cornelian”, “Sard” and “Mecca Stone,” referring to its historical use and trade.
In ancient Egyptian mythology, the “Sunset Stone” protects the soul in the afterlife. It was used in amulets and jewelry placed in tombs.
In Roman mythology, carnelian associated with the goddess Isis and brought courage and protection against negative energies.
In Islamic tradition warriors wore carnelian rings for courage and physical strength.
Carnelian is neither an insulator nor a conductor; unlike other quartz, it has no piezoelectric properties.
Carnelian has been mined since antiquity, with significant sources in India, Brazil, and Egypt. Historically, it was used in signet rings, seals, and amulets. Today, carnelian is mined primarily in Brazil, India, and Uruguay. The rough stones are cut, polished, and crafted into beads and other jewelry pieces. Carnelian remains popular in modern jewelry design and is often used for its vibrant color and believed metaphysical properties.
Carnelian
Red Agate
Red Chalcedony
Cornelian
Sard
Mecca Stone
Sunset Stone
Red
Orange
Brownish-Red
Vitrous
Translucent
Silicate Mineral
Quartz Variety
SiO2
Trigonal
Massive
6.5-7 Mohs
1650°C
Electrovoid
Iron rutile
July [100%]
Aries [100%]
Scorpio [100%]
Taurus [80%]
Leo [80%]
Cancer [70%]
Virgo [60%]
Mars [100%]
Sun [70%]
Fire [90%]
Earth [70%]
Vitality [90%]
Courage [80%]
Creativity [70%]
Motivation [60%]
Protection [50%]
Grounding [40%]